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1 LP -
SAWT 9546-A - (p) 1969
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2 LPs -
6.48009 DX (TK 11550/1-2) - (p) 1969 |
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2 CD -
4509-93689-2 - (c) 1994 |
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LES NATIONS
(1726)
Sonates et Suites de Symphonies en
Trio. En quatre Livres séparés pour la
commodité des Académies de Musique et
des Concerts particuliers. |
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François COUPERIN (1668-1733) |
Seconde
ordre: L'Espagnole [La Visionnaire] |
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29' 51" |
A |
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(Ouverture): Gravement et mesuré ·
Vivement · Air · Légèrement · Gayement ·
Air tendre · Vivement et marqué
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7' 22" |
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- Allemande
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3' 18" |
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Courante
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1' 52" |
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Seconde Courante
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2' 11" |
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Sarabande |
1' 47" |
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Gigue Lourée
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2' 57" |
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Gavotte
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1' 08" |
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Rondeau
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3' 00" |
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Bourrée |
0' 59" |
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Double de la Bourrée précédente
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0' 56" |
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Passacaille |
5' 07" |
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Quatrième
ordre: La Piemontoise [L'Astrée]
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21' 20" |
B |
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(Ouverture): Gravement · Vivement ·
Gravement · Vivement et marqué · Air ·
Second Air · Gravement et marqué ·
Légèrement |
8' 07" |
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Allemande |
2' 57" |
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Courante |
1' 50" |
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Seconde Courante
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2' 26" |
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Sarabande |
1' 58" |
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Rondeau |
2' 10" |
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Gigue |
2' 28" |
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QUADRO AMSTERDAM
- Frans
Brüggen, Flute
- Jaap Schröder, Violin
- Anner
Bylsma, Violoncello
- Gustav Leonhardt, harpsichord
with:
Marie
Leonhardt, Violin
Frans Vester, Flute
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Luogo
e data di registrazione |
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Bennebroek (Holland)
- Novembre 1968
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Registrazione: live
/ studio |
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studio |
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Producer |
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Wolf Erichson
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Prima Edizione LP |
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Telefunken "Das Alte
Werk" | SAWT 9546-A | 1 LP -
durata 51' 21" | (p) 1969 | ANA
Telefunken |
6.48009 DX | 2 LPs - durata 54'
00" - 51' 21" | (p) 1969 | ANA |
Riedizione (Ordres I-II-III-IV)
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Edizione CD |
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Teldec Classics |
LC 6019 | 4509-93689-2 | 2 CDs -
durata 53' 06" - 51' 41" | (c)
1994 | ADD | (Produzioni
I-II-III-IV) |
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Cover
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Meeting of musicians
and singers. Painting by François
Puget (1640-1707).
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Note |
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When François
Couperin published his
collection of suites
“Les Nations” in 1726,
the four suites it contained
had already been
circulating in
manuscript for more
than thirty
years - except for
“L’Impériale”
(SAWT 9476-A),
which was not
composed until ca.
1725. In
his preface
the composer
describes how,
at the age of
twenty-four, he
had introduced
his trio sonatas
under a
pseudonym:
“It has
already been
several years
since some of
these trios were
composed. Several
of those
manuscripts have
circulated,
which I distrust
because of
the negligence of
copyists. From time
to time I
have added
to their
number, and I
believe that the
lovers of truth
will be
pleased with
them. The
first sonata
in this
collection was
also the
first that I
composed and
the first
that was
composed in
France. The
story of it is
curious in itself.
“Charmed by
those [sonatas]
of Signor
Corelli, whose
works I shall
love as long
as I live,
much as [I
shall love] the
French works of
Monsieur de
Lully, I attempted
to compose
one, which I
[then] had
performed in
the concert-hall
where I had
heard those of
Corelli. Knowing
the greediness
of the French
for foreign
novelties above
all else,
and lacking
confidence in
myself, I did
me a very
neat service by
means of a
convenient
little ruse. I
pretended that
a kinsman
of mine - in the
service of the
King of
Sardinia, to
be exact - had
sent me a
sonata by a
recent Italian
composer. I
rearranged the
letters of my
name so that it
became an
Italian name, which I
used instead.
The sonata
was devoured
eagerly and I
felt vindicated by
it. Meanwhile,
that [success]
gave me
[further]
courage. I wrote
others; and my
Italianized name
brought much
applause to
me, under
the disguise.
Fortunately, my
sonatas won
enough favour
that the
deception did
not embarrass me
at all. I
have compared
these sonatas
with those
that I wrote since,
and have neither
changed nor
added much
of importance. I
have only
added some big
suites of
pieces to
which the
sonatas serve
merely as
preludes or
kinds of
introductions.”
In this
manner,
Couperin, whom
the contemporary
writer on
music Le Cerf de la
Viéville (1647-1707)
reproached as a
“serviteur
passioné
d’Italie” in
this connection,
had combined
the sonata da
chiesa (the
Italian
contribution to
the suite form
of the
seventeenth
century) with
old dance
forms and
the contemporary
fashionable French
dances. This
new kind
of “réunion
des deux gouts”
immediately
became the
subject of
lively
discussion in
France, and
eventually the
predominant mode of
writing.
Couperin had
succeeded in
combining the
foreign and the
native, the
styles of Italy
(the sonata in
the form of
the sonata da
chiesa) and of
France (the
suite) so
homogeneously
that something
new had
been created
which could
never again be
separated.
All four
sonatas of
“Les Nations”
are written
for two “dessus”
(melodic
instruments not
further specified), a “basse
d’archet” (bowed bass =
viola da gamba) and
a keyboard
instrument
supporting the
bass, though not
always doubling
it as a basso
continuo. (Marin
Mersenne [1588-1648],
still the
leading French
musical theoretician in
Couperin’s time,
understood by “dessus”
only the
uppermost part
in five-part
string writing.)
Performance on
other
intruments, such
as two
keyboard
instruments
only, was
left expressly
to the
discretion of
the performer by
Couperin in
1725 (in the
“Apothéose de
Lulli”). In our
recording the
two treble parts
are played on
the flute
and the violin,
either two
of the same
instrument being
used or
one of
each. The
unusually rich
ornamentation
will be
the first thing
to strike
the attentive
listener,
Couperin has
given exact
instructions for
the execution of
these ornaments in
his “L’art de toucher
le clavecin”. J. S.
Bach also made
use of these
instructions
when he
provided the
“Klavierbüchlein für
Friedemann Bach”
with a table of
ornaments after
Couperin’s model.
The names
of the
four trio
sonatas must
not be
taken too
seriously, let
alone as
programmes; they
are more of
a label
than an
attempt at
description.
This already
becomes evident
from the fact
that the
two trio
sonatas in this
recording, “L’Espagnole” and
“La Piemontoise”, are
called “La
Visionnaire” and
“L’Astrée” in their
original form of
around 1692.
Both begin
with an
Italian “Sonade”
in a
predominantly
contrapuntal
style of
writing after
the manner
of Corelli, with
a double or
triple
slow-quick
sequence of
movements
generally
leading into
one another
without a
break. This
is followed by
the French suite
with a
loose sequence
of dance
movements. It
is here
that Couperin
shows his
greatest
artistic maturity,
particularly in
the Allemandes
and Courantes,
with their
Italianate
melodiousness of
the upper
part and
harmonious
fullness of
tone in
the lower
parts while
still preserving
the French form.
In
“L’Espagnole”,
the suite
following the
“Sonade” is
concluded by a
big fugal
Passacaille,
while “La
Piemontoise”
ends with two
movements
roughly equal
in weight:
a light-footed
Rondeau and
a melancholy,
dance-like Gigue
in which the
minor key
of the
sonata’s opening
returns. But
this minor
character is
not a key
as used
later on
in the classical
period; it
rather
fluctuates
iridescently
between major
and minor
sevenths, sixths
and thirds. François
Couperin’s music
displays the
harmonic style
characteristic
of France’s
early and
high baroque
style, which
still represents
a transition
from the old
modal tonality
to the
classical,
clearly defined
major-minor key
relationship.
Unlike his
contemporaries, he
indeed stands
on the
threshold of the
rococo, yet does
not actually
provide a
link between
the baroque,
the rococo
and the classical.
Just as
Johann Sebastian
Bach appears
as the
keystone in
the vaulting of
the German
baroque in
music, so Couperin
unites in
himself the
baroque traditions of
French music,
and has no
reason to
shun comparison
with the great
German master.
Klaus
L. Neumann
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