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2 CD's
- 60CO-1564-65 - (p) 1987.9
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GUSTAV MAHLER (1860-1911) |
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Symphony No. 8 |
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77' 17" |
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Compact Disc 1 -
60CO-1564
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23' 19"
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I. Teil - Hymnus:
Veni, creator spiritus |
[IN:DEX
1-16] |
23' 19" |
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Compact Disc 2 -
60CO-1565
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54' 38"
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II. Teil -
Schlußszene aus "Faust" |
[IN:DEX
1-29] |
54' 38" |
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Faye Robinson,
soprano I & Magna Peccatrix |
Chorus of
Bayerischer Rundfunks, München /
Hans-Peter Runscher, Chorus Master |
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Teresa Cahill,
soprano II & Una poenitentiun |
Chorus of
Norddeutscher Rundfunk, Hamburg /
Helmut Franz, Chorus Master |
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Hildegard
Heichele, soprano III & Mater
gloriosa |
Südfunkchor
Stuttgart / Helmut Wolf, Chorus
Master |
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Livia Budai,
alto I & Mulier Samaritana |
Chorus of
Westdeutscher Rundfunkm Köln / Herbert
Schernus, Chorus Master |
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Jane Henschel,
alto II & Maria Aegyptiaca |
RIAS-Kammerchor
Berlin / Uwe Gronostay, Chorus
Master |
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Kenneth Riegel,
tenor & Doctor Marianus |
Limburger
Domsingknaben / Christoph Denoix, Chorus
Master |
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Hermann Prey,
baritone & Pater ecstaticus |
Children Chorus
of Hessischer Rundfunk / Alois
Ickstadt & Gerhart Roth, Chorus
Masters |
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Harald Stamm,
bass & Pater profundus |
Fritz
Walter-Lindqvist, organ |
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Frankfurt Radio
Symphony Orchestra |
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Eliahu INBAL |
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Luogo e
data di registrazione |
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Alte Oper,
Frankfurt (Germania) - 14/18
ottobre 1986 |
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Registrazione: live /
studio |
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studio |
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Recording Direction |
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Yoshiharu
Kawaguchi (DENON / Nippon
Columbia), Richard Hauck
(Hessischer Rndfunk) |
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Recording Engineer |
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Peter
Willemoës (DENON / Nippon
Columbia), Detlev Kittler
(Hessischer Rundfunk) |
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Mixing Engineer |
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Hiroyuki
Hosaka (DENON / Nippon Columbia) |
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Technology |
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Yukio
Takahashi (DENON / Nippon
Columbia) |
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Editing |
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Genichi
Kitami |
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Edition |
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UNIVERSAL
EDIION AG WIEN |
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Edizione CD |
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Denon |
60CO-1564-65 | (2 CD's) | durata
23' 19" - 54' 38" | (p) 1987.9 |
DDD |
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Note |
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Special
Thanks to: Brüel & Kjær.
Co-production with Hessischer
Rundfunk.
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I have
just accomplished my
Eighth (Symphony). - It
is the largest work I
have ever written. And
so unique in contents
and structure that I
cannot write about it
properly. - Just imagine
the universe beginning
to resound and to sing.
These are no more human
voices but circulating
planets and suns.
Mahler’s
enthusiastic comments from a
letter to his Dutch friend
Willem Mengelberg, written
in 1906 are often quoted in
the Mahler’s literature.
They reflect in a totally
authentic way Mahler’s
immense enthusiasm of these
years. He had composed a
large symphony each year
since 1904, and this in
spite of his exhausting work
in Vienna. The score of the
Eighth Symphony was sketched
during the incredible short
period three weeks.
Furthermore Mahler’s letter
to Mengelberg shows clearly
the gigantic planning of the
Eighth Symphony. To write a
Symphony for two mixed
choirs, a boys’ choir, eight
vocal soloists, organ and a
large orchestra, was the
most daring and immense
project in Mahler’s whole
career.
The ensemble of the world
premiere in 1910 in Munich
consisted of 858 singers and
171 orchestra members. With
Mahler conducting there was
a total of 1030 musicians
playing the large work which
was soon to be called
“Symphony of a thousand”.
Mahler’s preparations
exceeded the task of
organization by far. The
orchestral and vocal masses
were arranged in a special
order, following not only
acoustical but also
architectural principles.
Mahler paid also great
attention to the
illumination. The large
Festival Hall lay in
twilight and the audience
met with the mass of
musicians in an unique
picture of black and white.
This was intented to create
an atmosphere of attentive
concentration. Mahler
succeeded in persuading the
Munich authorities that
tramways ought to drive
slowly and without noise
during the performance. The
concert became a tremendous
success and a real
“Gesamtkunstwerk”. The
audience was deeply moved.
In addition to the Mahler
enthusiasts several famous
poets such as Arthur
Schnitzler, Stefan Zweig and
Thomas Mann were present at
this first performance of
Mahler’s Eighth. Eight
months after this great
trimph, a real highlight in
his career as conductor and
composer, Gustav Mahler died
at the age of 51 after
having suffered for some
months from a serious heart
disease.
The Eighth Symphony is in
some way a summary of all
the ideas which had deeply
moved the composer during
his lifetime. The consuming
ecstasy which influenced his
whole living, the spirit of
fighting against all
problems, his deep longing
for love - all this is
included in the music of the
Eighth. Instead of the
traditional four movements
of the classical symphony,
he created two cantata-like
parts with lyrical and
ecstatical choir and solo
vocals, based on the
mediaeval Pentecost hymn
“Veni creator spiritus" and
on the text of the last
scene from Goethe’s “Faust”.
Mahler’s first sketch
consisted of four sections:
1. Hymn Veni creator - 2.
Scherzo - 3. Adagio
Caritas - 4, Hymn: the
birth of Eros. When
Mahler decided to compose
the last scene from “Faust",
he gave up the original
plan. He tried to adapt
Goethe’s text to the already
existing sections of the
music which lead to some
corrections both in the
musical structure and in the
verses from “Faust”. The
terms “Caritas” and “Eros”
in Mahler’s original plan
show clearly that the
central theme of his Eighth
Symphony was his own
philosophy of Love which is
mainly based on the idea of
a “divine” love that fills
the universe and penetrates
the human heart. Mahler
believed in an universal
unity of Love which means
the unity between “divine”
love and carnal love, the
unity of “eros” and
“caritas”. The Eighth
Symphony expresses these
thoughts in a totally frank
way. Mahler creates a
contrast between the
Christian Pentecost Hymn
with its unmistakable prayer
"enlighten our sense, fill
our hearts with love" and
Goethe’s pantheistic
philosophy of Love which
includes the idea of an
unity between “eros” and
“caritas". Gretchen who
violated God’s Commandments
because of her carnal love
towards Faust is pardoned at
the end as she failed
because of love and as this
love is God’s love as well.
On a higher level Mahler
refers back to the beginning
of his Symphony and the
mighty apotheosis with the
parable of Goethe’s “Corus
mysticus” is not only the
objective of the musical
development, but also the
spiritual essence of the
Symphony.
In a letter to his wife from
the year 1909 Mahler gave a
detailed interpretation of
the Last Scene from “Faust”.
He writes among other things
the following lines:
It is a
strange thing about
interpretations of a
work of art. The
“intellectual” (i.e. the
part of an
interpretation which is
totally understandable
for the human brains is
not at all the essential
and in most cases only
the veil which hides the
real character of the
work... If you would ask
me which kind of
rational interpretation
I would give at the
moment relative to the
last verses from Faust,
I might try to say
something - but I am not
totally sure if it is
possible to make it
intellcgible. I take the
last four lines as a
direct continuation of
the preceding verses and
as a summit of the whole
pyramid which is
depicted in Goethe’s
immense work of art.
“Faust” shows us a whole
world of figures,
situations,
developments. All lead,
at first only shadowy
but from scene to scene
with increasing
intensity and mature to
this “One” which is not
to be expressed, hardly
suspected, but
internally felt.
Everything is only an
"allegory" for something
which can only be
expressed in an
insufficient way. The
transitory things can be
described, but what we
feel, suspect, and what
we will never reach
totally (this is the
‘phenomenon” of which
Goethe speaks in his
last verses), the
“immortal” behind all
mortal things is
"undescribable". The
"eternal feminine" which
Goethe describes as an
aim, as something which
each creature, even the
stones, ought to feel
with unmistakable
certainty as centre of
its “entity” is the
opposite, the antithesis
of all desire and of all
aspiration, in short: of
the “eternal masculine".
You are totally right by
calling it the “power of
Love”. There is an
infinite number of names
and descriptions for it.
(Just imagine how a
child, an animal, a
human being on a lower
stage of evolution or on
a higher step calls it,
thinks of it.) Goethe
himself shows us an
infinite succession of
allegories: Faust’s
enthusiastic search for
Helena, going forth in
the “Walpurgisnacht”,
the diverse
"entelechias" of lower
and higher stages of
life, from the
“homunculus” up to the
“mater gloriosa”
of the end. Goethe’s
ideas grow from scene to
scene, more
intentionally and
clearly described and
explained. The “mater
gloriosa”
is the personification
of the “eternal feminine”.
In his “chorus mysticus”
Goethe personally
addresses the auditory
and says:
Everything
transitory which I have
shown you in these two
parts of “Faust” is only
an allegory, a parable -
“insuffcient” in its
mortal manifestation,
but immortal and free
from worldly
“insufficience” in the
other world. In the
immortal world of God
even this will become a
“phenomenon”and we do
not need any paraphrase
nor comparison nor
parable for it: there it
is just “done” what I
tried to describe to
you, but which is really
undescribable. I can
only say it in another
parable: the “eternal
feminine” has lead us on
our way to the other
world of clarity, we are
there and we rest, we
possess everything which
is desirable. The
Christian calls this
“eternal salvation”
and I had to make use of
this beautiful and
sufficient mythological
picture which is most
adequate and accessible
for this era of mankind.
Gustav Mahler
dedicates his Eighth
Symphony to his beloved
wife Alma Maria.
He decided to do so short
time before the world
premiere ofhis work. This
decision is a typical event
of his last period of life,
on the background of his
heart disease which
virtually affected his whole
state of mind and after the
serious crisis in his
relation to his wife, Alma.
Sigmund Freud who tried to
help the Mahler family found
out that Mahler had a
totally complicated and
intensive relation to his
dead mother and he showed
the composer the importance
of Alma in his life, Mahler
began to understand his
specific way of loving under
the influence of Sigmund
Freud. During the period of
rehearsals for the premiere
of the Eighth he wrote to
Alma:
I have
just made a strange
discovery. Each time
when I was apart from
you I was sitting at my
drawer and thinking of
you exclusively, - and
so do I now. There is a
hidden desire for you in
my whole way of living.
Freud was completely
right: you have always
been my light and centre
of my life!
Andreas
Maul
All but some parts of this
recording, where the output
of assistant microphones
were mixed in a digital time
delay alignment, was made
using just two Brüel &
Kjær 4006 microphones. With
the assistant microphones, Brüel
& Kjær 4011
directional
microphones are used
for the first time in
the world.
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