2 CD's - 60CO-1564-65 - (p) 1987.9
GUSTAV MAHLER (1860-1911)








Symphony No. 8

77' 17"
Compact Disc 1 - 60CO-1564


23' 19"

I. Teil - Hymnus: Veni, creator spiritus [IN:DEX 1-16] 23' 19"

Compact Disc 2 - 60CO-1565


54' 38"

II. Teil - Schlußszene aus "Faust" [IN:DEX 1-29] 54' 38"






 
Faye Robinson, soprano I & Magna Peccatrix Chorus of Bayerischer Rundfunks, München / Hans-Peter Runscher, Chorus Master
Teresa Cahill, soprano II & Una poenitentiun Chorus of Norddeutscher Rundfunk, Hamburg / Helmut Franz, Chorus Master
Hildegard Heichele, soprano III & Mater gloriosa Südfunkchor Stuttgart / Helmut Wolf, Chorus Master
Livia Budai, alto I & Mulier Samaritana Chorus of Westdeutscher Rundfunkm Köln / Herbert Schernus, Chorus Master
Jane Henschel, alto II & Maria Aegyptiaca RIAS-Kammerchor Berlin / Uwe Gronostay, Chorus Master
Kenneth Riegel, tenor & Doctor Marianus Limburger Domsingknaben / Christoph Denoix, Chorus Master
Hermann Prey, baritone & Pater ecstaticus Children Chorus of Hessischer Rundfunk / Alois Ickstadt & Gerhart Roth, Chorus Masters
Harald Stamm, bass & Pater profundus Fritz Walter-Lindqvist, organ

Frankfurt Radio Symphony Orchestra

Eliahu INBAL
 






Luogo e data di registrazione
Alte Oper, Frankfurt (Germania) - 14/18 ottobre 1986

Registrazione: live / studio
studio

Recording Direction
Yoshiharu Kawaguchi (DENON / Nippon Columbia), Richard Hauck (Hessischer Rndfunk)

Recording Engineer
Peter Willemoës (DENON / Nippon Columbia), Detlev Kittler (Hessischer Rundfunk)

Mixing Engineer
Hiroyuki Hosaka (DENON / Nippon Columbia)

Technology
Yukio Takahashi (DENON / Nippon Columbia)

Editing
Genichi Kitami

Edition
UNIVERSAL EDIION AG WIEN

Edizione CD
Denon | 60CO-1564-65 | (2 CD's) | durata 23' 19" - 54' 38" | (p) 1987.9 | DDD

Note
Special Thanks to: Brüel & Kjær.
Co-production with Hessischer Rundfunk.















I have just accomplished my Eighth (Symphony). - It is the largest work I have ever written. And so unique in contents and structure that I cannot write about it properly. - Just imagine the universe beginning to resound and to sing. These are no more human voices but circulating planets and suns.
Mahler’s enthusiastic comments from a letter to his Dutch friend Willem Mengelberg, written in 1906 are often quoted in the Mahler’s literature. They reflect in a totally authentic way Mahler’s immense enthusiasm of these years. He had composed a large symphony each year since 1904, and this in spite of his exhausting work in Vienna. The score of the Eighth Symphony was sketched during the incredible short period three weeks. Furthermore Mahler’s letter to Mengelberg shows clearly the gigantic planning of the Eighth Symphony. To write a Symphony for two mixed choirs, a boys’ choir, eight vocal soloists, organ and a large orchestra, was the most daring and immense project in Mahler’s whole career.
The ensemble of the world premiere in 1910 in Munich consisted of 858 singers and 171 orchestra members. With Mahler conducting there was a total of 1030 musicians playing the large work which was soon to be called “Symphony of a thousand”. Mahler’s preparations exceeded the task of organization by far. The orchestral and vocal masses were arranged in a special order, following not only acoustical but also architectural principles. Mahler paid also great attention to the illumination. The large Festival Hall lay in twilight and the audience met with the mass of musicians in an unique picture of black and white. This was intented to create an atmosphere of attentive concentration. Mahler succeeded in persuading the Munich authorities that tramways ought to drive slowly and without noise during the performance. The concert became a tremendous success and a real “Gesamtkunstwerk”. The audience was deeply moved. In addition to the Mahler enthusiasts several famous poets such as Arthur Schnitzler, Stefan Zweig and Thomas Mann were present at this first performance of Mahler’s Eighth. Eight months after this great trimph, a real highlight in his career as conductor and composer, Gustav Mahler died at the age of 51 after having suffered for some months from a serious heart disease.
The Eighth Symphony is in some way a summary of all the ideas which had deeply moved the composer during his lifetime. The consuming ecstasy which influenced his whole living, the spirit of fighting against all problems, his deep longing for love - all this is included in the music of the Eighth. Instead of the traditional four movements of the classical symphony, he created two cantata-like parts with lyrical and ecstatical choir and solo vocals, based on the mediaeval Pentecost hymn “Veni creator spiritus" and on the text of the last scene from Goethe’s “Faust”. Mahler’s first sketch consisted of four sections: 1. Hymn Veni creator - 2. Scherzo - 3. Adagio Caritas - 4, Hymn: the birth of Eros. When Mahler decided to compose the last scene from “Faust", he gave up the original plan. He tried to adapt Goethe’s text to the already existing sections of the music which lead to some corrections both in the musical structure and in the verses from “Faust”. The terms “Caritas” and “Eros” in Mahler’s original plan show clearly that the central theme of his Eighth Symphony was his own philosophy of Love which is mainly based on the idea of a “divine” love that fills the universe and penetrates the human heart. Mahler believed in an universal unity of Love which means the unity between “divine” love and carnal love, the unity of “eros” and “caritas”. The Eighth Symphony expresses these thoughts in a totally frank way. Mahler creates a contrast between the Christian Pentecost Hymn with its unmistakable prayer "enlighten our sense, fill our hearts with love" and Goethe’s pantheistic philosophy of Love which includes the idea of an unity between “eros” and “caritas". Gretchen who violated God’s Commandments because of her carnal love towards Faust is pardoned at the end as she failed because of love and as this love is God’s love as well. On a higher level Mahler refers back to the beginning of his Symphony and the mighty apotheosis with the parable of Goethe’s “Corus mysticus” is not only the objective of the musical development, but also the spiritual essence of the Symphony.
In a letter to his wife from the year 1909 Mahler gave a detailed interpretation of the Last Scene from “Faust”. He writes among other things the following lines:
It is a strange thing about interpretations of a work of art. The “intellectual” (i.e. the part of an interpretation which is totally understandable for the human brains is not at all the essential and in most cases only the veil which hides the real character of the work... If you would ask me which kind of rational interpretation I would give at the moment relative to the last verses from Faust, I might try to say something - but I am not totally sure if it is possible to make it intellcgible. I take the last four lines as a direct continuation of the preceding verses and as a summit of the whole pyramid which is depicted in Goethe’s immense work of art. “Faust” shows us a whole world of figures, situations, developments. All lead, at first only shadowy but from scene to scene with increasing intensity and mature to this “One” which is not to be expressed, hardly suspected, but internally felt. Everything is only an "allegory" for something which can only be expressed in an insufficient way. The transitory things can be described, but what we feel, suspect, and what we will never reach totally (this is the ‘phenomenon” of which Goethe speaks in his last verses), the “immortal” behind all mortal things is "undescribable". The "eternal feminine" which Goethe describes as an aim, as something which each creature, even the stones, ought to feel with unmistakable certainty as centre of its “entity” is the opposite, the antithesis of all desire and of all aspiration, in short: of the “eternal masculine". You are totally right by calling it the “power of Love”. There is an infinite number of names and descriptions for it. (Just imagine how a child, an animal, a human being on a lower stage of evolution or on a higher step calls it, thinks of it.) Goethe himself shows us an infinite succession of allegories: Faust’s enthusiastic search for Helena, going forth in the “Walpurgisnacht”, the diverse "entelechias" of lower and higher stages of life, from the “homunculus” up to the “mater gloriosa of the end. Goethe’s ideas grow from scene to scene, more intentionally and clearly described and explained. The “mater gloriosa is the personification of the “eternal feminine”. In his “chorus mysticus” Goethe personally addresses the auditory and says:
Everything transitory which I have shown you in these two parts of “Faust” is only an allegory, a parable - “insuffcient” in its mortal manifestation, but immortal and free from worldly “insufficience” in the other world. In the immortal world of God even this will become a “phenomenon”and we do not need any paraphrase nor comparison nor parable for it: there it is just “done” what I tried to describe to you, but which is really undescribable. I can only say it in another parable: the “eternal feminine” has lead us on our way to the other world of clarity, we are there and we rest, we possess everything which is desirable. The Christian calls this “eternal salvation and I had to make use of this beautiful and sufficient mythological picture which is most adequate and accessible for this era of mankind.
Gustav Mahler dedicates his Eighth Symphony to his beloved wife Alma Maria. He decided to do so short time before the world premiere ofhis work. This decision is a typical event of his last period of life, on the background of his heart disease which virtually affected his whole state of mind and after the serious crisis in his relation to his wife, Alma. Sigmund Freud who tried to help the Mahler family found out that Mahler had a totally complicated and intensive relation to his dead mother and he showed the composer the importance of Alma in his life, Mahler began to understand his specific way of loving under the influence of Sigmund Freud. During the period of rehearsals for the premiere of the Eighth he wrote to Alma:
I have just made a strange discovery. Each time when I was apart from you I was sitting at my drawer and thinking of you exclusively, - and so do I now. There is a hidden desire for you in my whole way of living. Freud was completely right: you have always been my light and centre of my life!
Andreas Maul

All but some parts of this recording, where the output of assistant microphones were mixed in a digital time delay alignment, was made using just two Brüel & Kjær 4006 microphones. With the assistant microphones,
Brüel & Kjær 4011 directional microphones are used for the first time in the world.